Effect of the biologically synthesized rGO NPs and Fe2O3/rGO NCs on phytochemical assay, toxicity, and metabolism of Achillea millefolium plant

Summary

Biologically synthesized reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles (rGO NPs) and FeO/rGO nanocomposites (NCs) were evaluated for their effects on growth and ph…

Source: nature.com

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Q1: What are the potential effects of biologically synthesized reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles (rGO NPs) and Fe2O3/rGO nanocomposites (NCs) on the growth and phytochemical properties of the Achillea millefolium plant?

A1: Biologically synthesized rGO NPs and Fe2O3/rGO NCs were assessed for their impact on Achillea millefolium. The rGO NPs exhibited cytotoxicity in vitro but did not significantly alter overall growth. Conversely, Fe2O3/rGO NCs enhanced root elongation at specific concentrations (20 mg/L), indicating a dose-dependent stimulatory effect. Both materials reduced photosynthetic pigment levels but increased volatile metabolite profiles, with Fe2O3/rGO NCs showing greater elicitation of secondary metabolites at 40 mg/L.

Q2: How do Fe/MgO-rGO nanocomposites contribute to photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, and what makes them more efficient compared to other nanocomposites?

A2: Fe/MgO-rGO nanocomposites, synthesized via a hydrothermal approach, have shown significant efficiency in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The rGO supports enhanced charge carrier separation and increased light absorption, which, alongside the improved surface features due to thermal treatment, results in higher photocatalytic efficiency. These composites demonstrated four times higher hydrogen evolution compared to traditional materials like Degussa P25 titania nanoparticles.

Q3: What are the traditional and modern uses of Achillea millefolium, commonly known as yarrow?

A3: Achillea millefolium, or yarrow, is traditionally used for its supposed medicinal properties, like treating wounds, attributed to the mythological character Achilles. Modern uses include its role in livestock feed and potential applications in phytotherapy. Its essential oil, known for containing proazulene, is used against mosquito larvae, showcasing both traditional and innovative applications.

Q4: What are the challenges associated with the cytotoxicity of rGO nanoparticles, and how does this affect their application in plant-based studies?

A4: rGO nanoparticles can exhibit cytotoxicity, as seen in studies with Achillea millefolium, where they affected cell viability in vitro. This cytotoxicity poses challenges for their application in plant studies, necessitating careful concentration management to mitigate negative effects while harnessing their potential to enhance secondary metabolite production.

Q5: How do Fe2O3/rGO nanocomposites selectively enhance root elongation in plants, and what does this imply for agricultural innovation?

A5: Fe2O3/rGO nanocomposites enhance root elongation at specific concentrations, such as 20 mg/L, by possibly altering the plant's hormonal balance or nutrient uptake efficiency. This selective enhancement offers potential for agricultural innovation by optimizing root growth, improving nutrient absorption, and increasing crop resilience, provided the concentrations are carefully managed to avoid toxicity.

Q6: What are the potential environmental impacts of using nanomaterials like rGO NPs in agriculture?

A6: The use of nanomaterials such as rGO NPs in agriculture raises concerns about environmental contamination and bioaccumulation. While they offer benefits like enhanced growth and metabolite production, their persistence in soil and water can lead to ecological imbalances. Therefore, comprehensive studies are needed to assess long-term environmental impacts and develop guidelines for safe usage.

Q7: How can the incorporation of rGO in nanocomposites improve the performance of supercapacitors, and what recent advancements have been made in this field?

A7: Incorporating rGO in nanocomposites enhances supercapacitor performance by increasing surface area and improving conductivity. Recent advancements include the development of laser-induced metal halide perovskite-rGO nanoconjugates, which significantly improve electrode capacity and stability. These innovations underscore the potential of rGO to transform energy storage technologies.