Chinas carbon emissions fell in the first half of 2025, study shows

Summary

Chinas power sector emissions drop 3% due to renewable energy growth, but coal-to-chemicals industry still rising.

Source: thehindubusinessline.com

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Q1: What were the main contributors to China's greenhouse gas emissions in 2023?

A1: In 2023, China's greenhouse gas emissions were primarily driven by coal burning, including coal power, coal mining, and blast furnaces for iron and steel production. Approximately 79% of CO2 emissions were attributed to coal burning, making it a significant contributor to the country's emissions profile.

Q2: How does China's carbon emissions per capita compare to other major emitters?

A2: China's per capita emissions were over 10.1 tonnes of CO2eq per person annually, surpassing the world and EU averages, yet remaining lower than those of the United States, where emissions reached 17.6 tonnes per person. This highlights China's significant role in global emissions, despite lower per capita rates compared to some developed nations.

Q3: What are China's commitments under the Paris Agreement regarding emissions?

A3: China has committed to peak emissions by 2030 and aims for net zero by 2060 as part of its nationally determined contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement. While China is expected to meet its renewable energy capacity and emission reduction goals early, further long-term strategies are necessary to combat climate change effectively.

Q4: What impact has the growth of renewable energy had on China's power sector emissions in 2025?

A4: The growth of renewable energy in China led to a 3% decrease in power sector emissions in the first half of 2025. This reduction is a result of increased reliance on sustainable energy sources, though challenges remain in fully transitioning away from coal and other fossil fuels.

Q5: Why is the coal-to-chemicals industry still rising in China despite efforts to reduce emissions?

A5: The coal-to-chemicals industry in China continues to grow due to the demand for chemical products and energy security concerns. Despite the push for renewable energy, the industry remains a significant part of China's industrial landscape, contributing to the challenges in reducing overall emissions.

Q6: What are the global implications of achieving net-zero emissions?

A6: Achieving global net-zero emissions means balancing greenhouse gas emissions with removals, effectively halting further global warming. This requires significant reductions in emissions, transitioning to sustainable energy, and utilizing carbon dioxide removal techniques. As of 2023, around 145 countries have committed to net zero targets, covering nearly 90% of global emissions.

Q7: What challenges do countries face in achieving net-zero emissions by 2050?

A7: Countries face several challenges in achieving net-zero emissions, including the need for technological advancements in energy efficiency and carbon capture, policy and regulatory hurdles, economic costs, and ensuring equitable transitions for industries and workers reliant on fossil fuels. Coordinated global efforts and innovation are essential to overcoming these challenges.